In silico and BSA binding study of some new biological analogs of 1, 2, 4-triazole pendant with azinane through microwave and conventional synthesis

Microwave and conventional techniques were employed to synthesize a novel array of compounds 7a-g with 1, 2, 4-triazole and piperidine rings having great biological importance. The microwave assisted method has a better operational scope with respect to time and yield comparative to the conventional method. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR techniques were employed to justify the structure of synthesized compounds. The antioxidant, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and urease inhibition potential of every synthesized compound was evaluated. Every member of the synthesized series was found potent against mentioned activities. Compound 7g was the most active anti-urease agent having IC50 [microM] value 16.5 +/- 0.09 even better than the thiourea with an IC50 [microM] value of 24.3 +/- 0.24. The better urease inhibition potential of 7g was also elaborated and explained by docking and bovine serum albumin [BSA] binding studies

Effect of caffeine on anti-clotting activity of warfarin in healthy male albino rabbits

Drug-drug interactions are most commonly occurring phenomenon in clinical practice. Many physicians are afraid of being involved in an allegation of malpractices due to the occurrence of any severe interaction. These interactions not only occur between drugs but also between any kind of food, tobacco smoke, caffeine and alcohol etc. Therefore, the present study was directed to inspect the effect of caffeine on the anticoagulation activity of warfarin in healthy adult male albino rabbits. Blank blood samples were collected from each rabbit. Rabbits were given warfarin [0.5mg kg-1] orally via stomach tube and blood samples were collected in PT/INR vials at various intervals. After a washout period of 14 days, warfarin was orally administrated at same dose rate along with caffeine [5 mg kg-1 every twelve hours for three days] and same sampling schedule was repeated. Prothrombin time [PT] and the international normalized ratio [INR] of blood samples were determined to estimate changes in the anticoagulation activity of warfarin after its concurrent administration with caffeine. The PT data revealed that Rmax and AUC increased significantly [P

In vivo antiviral potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract against Newcastle disease virus

Newcastle disease is highly infectious viral disease causing huge economic losses worldwide. These losses can be prevented by control of viral diseases. Medicinal plants have been traditionally used for treatment of different diseases since long. In this study the effect of extracts from Glycyrrhiza glabra leaves are investigated against Newcastle disease virus [NDV] by an in-vivo assay. Seven groups of nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs were inoculated with various treatments of different plant extracts. All the groups except uninoculated negative control group were inoculated with velogenic NDV strain; five groups received different concentrations of the three extracts. Daily observe the rate of embryo survival. Allantoic fluid from treated eggs was collected for hem agglutination test. Results showed that embryo survival rate was higher 300micro g/mL treated group as all the extracts showed antiviral activity. Similarly, the plant extracts effectively control virus as no viruses were identified in the allantoic fluids of all groups treated with low doses of plant. The current results have clearly verified that all the extracts especially that of methanol 300micro g/mL from leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra have strong antiviral activity against NDV in vivo

Therapeutic Effect of Atorvastatin on kidney functions and urinary excretion of Glimepiride in healthy adult human male subjects

Glimepiride and Atorvastatin in combination are commonly employed for treating the hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, respectively, in patients of type 2 diabetes. The present study was designed to find out the influence of Atorvastatin on urinary excretion and renal clearance of Glimepiride in healthy adult male volunteers. In each experimental subject, Glimepiride 2mg was given orally after an overnight fasting. Samples of blood and urine were taken at different specific time intervals. After a washout period of ten days, Glimepiride 2mg was co-administered with Atorvastatin 20mg orally. Post-medication, blood and urine samples were collected following the same sampling schedule as for Glimepiride alone. The samples were analyzed for Glimepiride and creatinine concentration by HPLCUV and Spectrophotometer, respectively. Mean [ +/- SE] values for blood pH 7.445 +/- 0.05 and 7.382 +/- 0.05, urine pH 4.972 +/- 0.08 and 5.08 +/- 0.10, diuresis 0.0207 +/- 0.00 and 0.0237 +/- 0.00ml/min/kg, endogenous creatinine in plasma 9.048 +/- 0.33 and 8.613 +/- 0.024 micro g/ml, endogenous creatinine in urine 512.34 +/- 18.20 and 556.72 +/- 4.60 micro g/ml, Glimepiride plasma concentration 0.16069 +/- 0.00 and 0.3227 +/- 0.01 micro g/ml, Glimepiride urine concentration 1.5994 +/- 0.03 and 0.8665 +/- 0.04 micro g/ml, renal clearance of creatinine 1.224 +/- 0.09 and 1.550 +/- 0.09ml/min/kg, renal clearance of Glimepiride 0.2064 +/- 0.01 and 0.0641 +/- 0.00ml/min/kg and clearance ratio 0.1791 +/- 0.01 and 0.0414 +/- 0.00 were observed for Glimepiride alone and its concurrent administration with Atorvastatin, respectively. Atorvastatin decreased the urinary excretion and renal clearance of Glimepiride due to which chances of hypoglycemia provokes and renal handling of Glimepiride involves back diffusion besides glomerular filtration and no influence of Atorvastatin was seen on these mechanisms

experience with vascular trauma

This prospective study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore over a period of sixty months. Patients between the ages 18-32 years presenting with Vascular Trauma in A/E department were included in the study. Gender distribution was 36 males and 8 females. The vascular trauma was as follows: 5 radial arteries, 5 posterior tibial arteries, 14 femoral arteries, 7 popliteal arteries, 1 popliteal vein, 3 axillary artery, 5 brachial, 1 external iliac artery, 2 IVC and 1 Infrarenal aorta. All of these patients were managed surgically. The end results for all were patent vessels except 2 [1 popliteal vein and 1 external iliac artery ligated] with functional limbs averting deaths and preventing life long disabilities thereby improving the quality of life and productivity as a human being